CHAPTER 628

An Act to amend the Code of Virginia by adding in Title 51 thereof sections
numbered 51-148 through 51-158, to establish a contributory retirement
system for State Police officers; and to repeal §§ 51-128 through 51-142
of the Code of Virginia and all amendments thereof, relating to the
same matters and to provide for the effect of such repeal. 'S 29}

Approved April 6, 1966

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:

1. That the Code of Virginia be amended by adding in Title 51 sections
numbered 51-143 through 51-158 as follows:
STATE POLICE OFFICERS RETIREMENT SYSTEM

§ 51-143. Retirement system.—(a) There is created a retirement
system (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “system”) for the State
police officers of the Department of State Police (hereinafter referred to
as “State police officers’’).

(b) The provisions of this chapter shall be administered by the
Board of Trustees of the Virginia Supplemental Retirement System. Ex-
cept as otherwise provided in this chapter the provisions of the Virginia
Supplemental Retirement Act are applicable and shall apply to and govern
the operation of the retirement system established hereby.

§ 51-144. Definitions—As used in this chapter unless a different
meaning is plainly required by the context:

W ye “Board” means the board of trustees as provided by § 51-
(2) “Medical board’? means the board of physicians as provided
by § 51-111.26;

(3) ‘Employee’ means a State police officer ;

(4) “Member” means any person included in the membership of
the retirement system as provided in this chapter;

(5) “Service” means service as an employee, or as an inspector of
the Division of Motor Vehicles prior to July first, nineteen hundred and

-two;

(6) “Prior service” means service rendered prior to July one, nine-
teen hundred fifty for which credit is available under § 51-146;

(7) “Membership service’ means service rendered while a contrib-
uting member of the system, except as provided in § 51-146;

(8) “Creditable service’ means prior service plus membership serv-
ice for which credit is allowable under this chapter ;
(9) “Beneficiary” means any person entitled to receive benefits
under this chapter ;

(10) ‘Accumulated contributions” means the sum of all amounts
deducted from the compensation of a member and credited to his indi-
vidual account in the members’ contribution account, together with inter-
est credited on such amounts and also any other amounts he shall have
contributed or transferred thereto including interest credited thereon as
provided in § 51-111.49; ;

(11) “Creditable compensation” means the full compensation pay-
able to an employee working the full working time for his covered position
which is in excess of twelve hundred dollars per annum; in cases where
compensation includes maintenance or other perquisites, the Board shall
fix the value of that part of the compensation not paid in money;

(12) “Average final compensation” means the average annual
creditable compensation of a member during his five highest consecutive
years of creditable service or during the entire period of his creditable
service if less than five years;

(13) “Retirement allowance” means the retirement payments to
which a member is entitled as provided in this chapter ;

(14) “Actuarial equivalent” means a benefit of equal value when
computed upon the basis of such actuarial tables as are adopted by the
Board; and

(15) “Normal retirement date” means a member’s sixtieth birthday.

§ 51-145. Membership in system.—(a) Membership in the system
shall be compulsory and shall consist of: all persons who were State
police officers upon July one, nineteen hundred fifty, and all persons who
became or may become State police officers or re-enter service as State
police officers after July one, nineteen hundred fifty.

( The membership of any person in the system shall cease (i)
upon the withdrawal of his accumulated contributions or (ii) upon re-
tirement, or (iii) upon death.

(c) When membership ceases, except in the case of retirement, an
employee shall thereafter lose all rights to any retirement allowance bene-
fits under this chapter arising from service prior to the date of such
cessation of membership, except as otherwise provided in subsection (c)
of § 51-146.

§ 51-146. Creditable service.—(a) Prior service credit of any
member shall include service rendered prior to July one, nineteen hun-
dred and fifty except that prior service credit for those members who
elected not to be included in membership of the Virginia Retirement
System shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (b). The accumu-
lated contributions of a member under the Virginia Retirement System
shall, for purposes of this chapter, be considered to have been made here-
under.

(b) Any member who elected not to be included in membership of
the Virginia Retirement System shall be credited with his period of service,
if any, prior to July one, nineteen hundred and forty-two, but not for
the period between that date and July one, nineteen hundred and fifty
except by making a payment as provided in subsection (c), provided
that if the member’s contributions were withdrawn under § 51-109 of
the Virginia Retirement System or § 51-155 or corresponding previous
provisions of this chapter, credit for all of the member’s service since
July one, nineteen hundred and forty-two has been established or re-
established as provided in subsection (c) of this section.

(c) Any member may be credited with prior and/or membership
service which might otherwise have been credited except for one or more
of the following:

(i) rejection of membership in the Virginia Retirement System:
(ii) cessation of membership under former § 51-49 of the Code
and/or under § 51-145 or corresponding previous provisions of this
chapter because of withdrawal of his accumulated contributions under
former § 51-109 of the Code or under § 51-155 or corresponding previous
provisions of this chapter; provided such members pays, prior to October
one, nineteen hundred and sixty-seven, while in service or within ninety
days after termination of service, an amount equal to the contributions that
he would have made during the entire period to be credited (exclusive of
any such period prior to June thirty, nineteen hundred and forty-two and
exclusive of any period subsequent to June thirty, nineteen hundred and
forty-two during which the member was in the armed forces of the United
States) on the assumption that the member contribution rate specified in
§ 51-147 as of the date of payment had been in effect during the entire such
period and that his creditable compensation as of the date of payment (or
as of the last date in service, if the member is not in service at date of pay-
ment) had been received during the entire such period, together with in-
terest thereon at the rate of two per centum per annum compounded annu-
ally from the end of each respective fiscal year to which the contribution
applies to the first day of the month during which payment is made. Such
interest payment, and the amount of contributions paid, shall be credited
to the account of the member in the member’s contribution account.

(d) In order for the additional service provided for in subsection
(c) of this section to be considered in the computation of any retirement
allowance payable in the event of a member’s retirement under § 51-152,
the member shall have submitted at the time payment or repayment is
made, a medical report satisfactory to the Medical Board showing that the
member was at such time of sound mind and body.

(e) An administrative charge of five dollars shall be paid by the
member to the retirement system when requesting a cost estimate of the
amount of any payment required under subsection (c) of this section.

(f) Any member who, after July one, nineteen hundred and fifty,
entered or enters the armed forces of the United States on leave of
absence from service, and who does not withdraw his accumulated con-
tributions, shall be entitled to have included as creditable service his
period of service in such armed forces provided his discharge therefrom
was not dishonorable and he reenters service within one year after dis-
charge. Any member who rejected membership in the Virginia Retirement
System and subsequently, on leave of absence from service, entered the
armed forces of the United States, shall be entitled to have included as
creditable service his period of service in such armed forces provided his
discharge therefrom was not dishonorable and he reenters service within
one year after discharge and further provided the member purchases
credit for all reject service on the purchase basis set forth in subsection
(c) of this section.

(g) If within five years after ceasing to be employed as a State po-
lice officer, provided he has not been paid his accumulated contributions,
the member accepts employment in a position not covered by this chapter
but covered under the Virginia Supplemental Retirement Act, he shall be
entitled to credit for his previous creditable service under this chapter
upon transfer of his accumulated contributions to the members’ contri-
bution account in the Virginia Supplemental Retirement System. In
such cases, future retirement rights shall be as set forth in the Virginia
Supplemental Retirement Act.

§ 51-147. Contributions of members.—(a) Each member shall
contribute for each pay period for which he receives compensation five
and one-half per centum of his creditable compensation.

(b) The members’ contributions provided for herein shall be de-
ducted and paid as provided in subsections (b), (c), (d), (e) and (g)
of § 51-111.46.

§ 51-148. Contributions by the State—(a) The State shall con-
tribute annually an amount equal to the “normal contribution”. The
normal contribution for any period shall be determined as a percentage,
equal to the normal contribution rate, of the total covered compensation
of the members in such period, reduced by an amount calculated to be
equal to the estimated excess, if any, of the net investment income during
such period on the assets of the system over the amount of net investment
hel thereon assumed in the computation of the normal contribution
rate.

(b) The normal contribution rate shall be determined as the per-
centage of the members’ compensation payable during the members’ peri-
ods of membership required to provide the difference between the total
liabilities for retirement allowances not provided by the members’ con-
tributions and the amount of the assets in the retirement allowance
account.

(c) TheState’s contribution shall be determined and paid as provided
in subsections (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) of § 51-111.47 and in such other
provisions of the Virginia Supplemental Retirement Act as may be ap-
plicable to employer contributions.

51-149. Assets of system.—(a) The provisions of § 51-111.48,
§ 51-111.49, § 51-111.50, § 51-111.51 and § 51-111.52 shall be applicable
to the assets of the system.

(b) The Board of Trustees of the Virginia Supplemental Retirement
System shall be the trustee of the funds of the system, and the appropriate
provisions of § 51-111.22 and § 51-111.24 shall apply. However, the
Board shall maintain the assets of the system, for all intents and purposes,
4 separate funds from the assets of the Virginia Supplemental Retirement

ystem.

§ 51-150. Service retirement.—(a) Any member in service at his
normal retirement date shall be retired forthwith, unless the member has
not at that time completed twenty-five years of creditable service, in
which case he shall be retired upon the attainment of his sixty-fifth
birthday or the completion of twenty-five years of creditable service,
whichever first occurs.

Any member in service on or after his fifty-fifth birthday may
retire upon written notification to the Board, given by the member or
his employer, setting forth at what time the retirement is to become
effective, provided that such effective date shall be after his last day of
service and after the filing of such notice but shall not be more than ninety
days subsequent to the filing of such notice.

(c) Any member having terminated service prior to July one, nine-
teen hundred and sixty-six, after fifteen or more years of creditable
service, or subsequent to June thirty, nineteen hundred and sixty-six,
after ten or more years of creditable service may retire under the pro-
visions of paragraphs (a) or (b) above, provided that he shall not have
withdrawn his accumulated contributions prior to the effective date of
his retirement, and except that any requirements as to the member being
in service shall not apply; provided further however that no member shall
be entitled to the benefits of this paragraph if his employer certifies that
his service was terminated because of dishonesty, malfeasance or mis-
feasance in office; any such certification may be appealed to the Board,
and its decision shall be final.

§ 51-151. Service retirement allowance.—(a) Upon retirement as
provided in § 51-150, on or after July one, nineteen hundred and sixty-
six, a member shall receive an annual retirement allowance, payable
monthly to him for life, subject to the provisions of subsection (e) of
this section, determined in accordance with paragraph (1) or (2), which-
ever is applicable:

(1) Normal retirement under § 51-150(a).—An amount equal to
one and three-eighths per centum of his average final compensation mul-
tiplied by his number of years of creditable service subject, however, to
the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section.

(2) Early retirement under § 51-150(b).—An amount which shall
be determined in the same manner as for retirement at his normal retire-
ment date with years of creditable service and average final compensation
being determined as of the date of his actual retirement, and the amount
of the retirement allowance so determined being reduced on an actuarial
equivalent basis for the period that the actual retirement date precedes
the normal retirement date subject, however, to the provisions of sub-
sections (b) and (c) of this section; provided further that the retirement
allowance of a member retiring on or after his fifty-fifth birthday and
with at least thirty years of creditable service shall not be so reduced.

(b) In addition to the allowance payable under subsection (a) of
this section, a member shall receive an additional annual allowance, paya-
ble monthly, for each month after his fifty-fifth birthday and prior to his
sixty-fifth birthday, equal to one thousand six hundred twenty dollars.

(c) Subject to the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, the
retirement allowance payable under this section to any member who was
in service on June thirty, nineteen hundred and sixty-six shall, prior to
his sixty-fifth birthday, be not less, in the case of a member who retires
on or after his normal retirement date, than an amount equal to two per
centum of the sum of the member’s average final compensation and twelve
hundred dollars multiplied by his years of creditable service not in excess
of twenty-five years or, in the case of a member who retires prior to his
normal retirement date, than an amount similarly determined but reduced
on an actuarial equivalent basis for the period by which the actual retire-
ment date precedes the normal retirement date, nor after his sixty-fifth
birthday shall it be less than the excess, if any, of such amount over the
annual primary social security benefits under the federal Social Security
Act to which he became entitled at his sixty-fifth birthday, or to which he
would have become entitled at such birthday except for having elected to
have his social security benefits commence at an earlier date.

(d) For the purposes of subsection (c), the retirement allowance
shall be determined on the assumption that it is payable to the member
alone and that no optional form of retirement allowance as provided
in § 51-111.60 is elected. If a beneficiary does not qualify for, or loses,
primary social security benefits to which he is entitled under the federal
Social Security Act because of his failure to make application therefor,
entering into covered employment, or otherwise, such primary social se-
curity benefits shall nevertheless be considered as being received by such
beneficiary for the purposes of subsection (c).

(e) Should a beneficiary of.a service retirement allowance under
this chapter be at any time in service as an employee in a position covered
for retirement purposes under the provisions of this or any chapter other
than Chapter 3.1 (§ 51-111.1 et seq.) of this title, if the State contributes
any of the employer costs, his retirement allowance shall cease while so
employed.

{f) In the case of any member retired prior to July one, nineteen
hundred and sixty-six, for service, the retirement allowance payable on or
after July one, nineteen hundred and sixty-six shall be equal to the
larger of an amount or amounts computed in accordance with the preced-
ing subsections of this section and the amount or amounts of the allowance
that would have been payable except for the provisions of this subsection.

§ 61-152. Disability retirement.—(a) Any member in service or
within ninety days after termination of service who has ten or more years
of creditable service may, at any time before his normal retirement date,
retire on account of disability not compensable under the Virginia Work-
men’s Compensation Act upon written notification to the Board, given
by the member or his appointing authority, setting forth at what date
the retirement is to become effective; provided that such effective date
shall be after his last day of service but shall not be more than ninety days
prior to the filing of such notification; provided further that the Medical
Board, after a medical examination of the member requesting disability
retirement, shall certify that such member is, and has been continuously
since such effective date if prior to the filing of such notification, men-
tally or physically incapacitated for the further performance of duty and
that such incapacity is likely to be permanent and that such member
should be retired.

(b) Any member in service or within ninety days after termination
of service may, at any time before his normal retirement date, retire on
account of disability from a cause compensable under the Virginia Work-
men’s Compensation Act, upon written notification to the Board, made
by the member or his appointing authority, setting forth at what date the
retirement is to become effective; provided, that such effective date shall
be after his last day of service, but shall not be more than ninety days
prior to the filing of such notification; provided further that the Medical
Board, after a medical examination of the member requesting disability
retirement, shall certify that such member is, and has been continuously
since such effective date if prior to the filing of such notification, mentally
or physically incapacitated for the further performance of duty and that
such incapacity is likely to be permanent and that such member should be
retired.

(c) In the event no compensation is finally awarded under the
Virginia Workmen’s Compensation Act with respect to the disability of a
member, due to legal proceedings or otherwise resulting in settlement
from the person, or persons causing such disability, the Virginia Indus-
trial Commission, upon request of the Board, shall for the purpose of
this section determine whether such member’s disability was from a
cause compensable under the Virginia Workmen’s Compensation Act.

(d) Any member in service who is totally and permanently dis-
abled while on active duty as a result of the felonious misconduct of
another, and who is not less than thirty years of age and has been in
service not less than seven years, and whose disability has occurred since
January one, nineteen hundred and sixty, may retire as provided in (b)
above and the said member shall be entitled to maintenance and services
at the Woodrow Wilson Rehabilitation Center without being liable to pay

or the same.

§ 51-153. Disability retirement allowance.—(a) Upon retirement
as provided in § 51-152 on or after July one, nineteen hundred and sixty-
six, a member shall receive an annual retirement allowance payable
monthly during his lifetime and continued disability equal to one and
three-eighths per centum of his average final compensation multiplied by
the smaller of:

(i) twice the number of his years of creditable service; or

(ii) the number of years of creditable service he would have com-
pleted at age sixty, if he had remained in service to that age; subject, how-
ever, to the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section.

In the case of any beneficiary retired for disability prior to July
one, nineteen hundred and sixty-six who has not attained his sixtieth
birthday as of that date, the allowance payable after July one, nineteen
hundred and sixty-six shall be equal to the allowance theretofore paid,
subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, until his sixtieth
birthday. On and after the sixtieth birthday of such a beneficiary, the
allowance payable shall be equal to the service retirement allowance for
normal retirement determined in accordance with paragraph (1) of sub-
section (a) of § 51-151, subject to the provisions of subsections (b) and
(c) of § 51-151, on the assumption that creditable compensation on the
date of disability retirement continued in the same amount up to his
sixtieth birthday and on the assumption that years of creditable service
at normal retirement included both the creditable service prior to disa-
bility retirement and the period of disability retirement.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this
section, the amount of annual retirement allowance as determined
under this section shall, effective six months after retirement date
and subject to the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, be
at least an amount which when added to the primary social security
benefits to which the member may become entitled under the federal
Social Security Act in effect at his retirement date would equal one
thousand dollars or twenty-five per centum of average final compensa-
tion, whichever is larger, provided further the annual amount of the
combined retirement system allowance and primary social security benefit
for any member retired or retiring and credited with twenty or more years
of service at the time of retirement shall, effective six months after re-
tirement date, and subject to the provisions of subsection (d) of this
section, not be less than the retirement allowance payable, including
increases provided by law, to former members retired for disability under
the provisions of the retirement acts in effect prior to March one, nine-
teen hundred and fifty-two.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this sec-
tion, if a member retires for disability under the provisions of subsection
(b) of § 51-152, the amount of annual] retirement allowance as deter-
mined under this section shall, subject to the provisions of subsections
(d) and (e) of this section, be at least an amount which when added to
the primary social security benefits to which the member may become
entitled under the federal Social Security Act in effect at his retirement
date would equal two-thirds of the sum of the member’s average final com-
pensation plus twelve hundred dollars.

(d) For the purposes of this section the retirement allowance shall
be determined on the assumption that the retirement allowance is pay-
able to the member alone and that no optional retirement allowance is
elected. If a beneficiary does not qualify for, or loses, primary social se-
curity benefits to which he is entitled under the federal Social Security
Act because of his failure to make application therefor, entering into
covered employment, or otherwise, such primary social security benefits
shall nevertheless be considered as being received by such beneficiary for
the purposes of this section.

(e) Any allowance payable to a member under this section shall be
reduced by the amount of any payments under the Virginia Workmen’s
Compensation Act and the excess of the allowance, if any, shall be paid
to such member. When the time for payments of the compensation under
such act has elapsed, the member shall thereafter receive the full amount,
of such allowance payable monthly during his lifetime and continued
disability. Should the member accept reimbursement in lieu of compensa-
tion under the Virginia Workmen’s Compensation Act, due to legal pro-
ceedings or otherwise resulting in settlement from the person or persons
causing the member’s disability, the compensation that would have been
payable, except for such settlement, as determined by the Virginia In-
dustrial Commission nnon request of the Board, shall. for the purnoses of
(f) The payment of any disability allowance hereunder shall be
subject to the provisions of § 51-111.61, § 51-111.62 and § 51-111.63 to
the extent applicable.

§ 51-154. Optional benefits—Each member shall have the right to
elect to have his retirement allowance payable under an actuarially equiva-
lent option as provided in § 51-111.60.

§ 51-155. Withdrawal before retirement.—If a member has ceased
to be an employee, otherwise than by death, or by retirement under the
provisions of this chapter, he shall be paid, on demand, but not later
than ninety days thereafter, the amount of his accumulated contributions
reduced by the amount of any retirement allowances previously re-
ceived by him under any of the provisions of this chapter.

§ 51-156. Death before retirement.—(a) Should a member die at
any time before retirement, and if no benefits are payable under subsection
(b) of this section, the amount of his accumulated contributions, reduced
by the amount of any retirement allowance previously received by him
under this chapter, shall be paid to such person, if any, as he has nomi-
nated by written designation signed and acknowledged by such member
before some person authorized to take acknowledgements and filed with
the Board, otherwise to his executors or administrators. Any such desig-
nation may be changed by the member by the written designation of
some other person, signed, acknowledged, and filed as aforesaid.

(b) Should a member die in service at any time before retirement
and after either attaining his fifty-fifth birthday or completing at least
thirty years of creditable service and if no benefits are payable under
subsection (c) of this section, there shall be paid a retirement allowance
to the person nominated as provided in subsection (a) of this section,
if such person is the wife, husband, mother or father of the member;
such retirement allowance shall be continued during the lifetime of such
person and shall be an allowance equal to one-half of the decreased retire-
ment allowance that would have been payable to the member had the
member retired under the provisions of § 51-150 on the date of his death
after having elected to have his allowance payable under the joint and
last survivor option described in subsection (a) (2) of § 51-111.60 so
that one-half thereof would be continued after his death to such person.
Provided that in the determination of the allowance that would have been
payable to the member had the member retired on the date of his death,
the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of § 51-151 shall not apply,
and provided further, that if such person so elects in writing under seal
and duly acknowledged, the amount of the member’s accumulated con-
tributions, reduced by the amount of any retirement allowance previously
received by him under this chapter, shall be paid to such person, in lieu
of any other benefits under this subsection.

(c) Should a member die in service at any time before retirement
from a cause compensable under the Virginia Workmen’s Compensation
Act, an annual retirement allowance shall be paid to the widow or widower.
if any, of such member. In the event no compensation is finally awarded
under the Virginia Workmen’s Compensation Act with respect to the
death of a member, due to legal proceedings or otherwise resulting in
settlement from the person or persons causing such death, the Virginia
Industrial Commission, upon request of the Board, shall for the purpose
of this section determine whether such member’s death was from a cause
compensable under the Virginia Workmen’s Compensation Act. If such
member leaves no widow or widower, or the widow or widower dies or
remarries, then the child or children under the age of eighteen years, if
any, of the deceased member, shall be paid an allowance until such child or
children die or attain the age of eighteen years, whichever shall first occur.
If more than one child survives the deceased member. the allowance shall
be divided among them in such manner as the Board may determine. If
the deceased member leaves neither widow, widower nor child or children
under the age of eighteen years, then such allowance shall be paid to the
member’s parent or parents wholly dependent upon him for support, di-
vided in such manner as the Board may determine, during the life or
lives of such parent or parents.

The retirement allowance, payable hereunder to a qualifying survivor
or survivors, shall be the annual amount, payable monthly, which when
added to the social security benefit payable as result of coverage of the
member under the federal Social Security Act and the compensation
payable under the Virginia Workmen’s Compensation Act for the death
of the member, shall be equal to one-half of the sum of the member’s
average final compensation plus twelve hundred dollars. Should no com-
pensation be payable under the Virginia Workmen’s Compensation Act
due to reimbursement in lieu of benefits thereunder, the compensation that
would otherwise have been awarded, as determined by the Virginia In-
dustrial Commission upon request of the Board shall, for the purposes of
this subsection, be assumed to have been awarded.

Any beneficiary entitled to the entire amount of a retirement allow-
ance under the provisions of this subsection as a result of the death of
a member shall be entitled to waive his rights to such allowance by
written notification to the Board within ninety days after the death of
such member in order to make available a retirement allowance under the
provisions of subsection (b) of this section.

§ 51-157. Death after retirement—If a member dies after the ef-
fective date of his retirement under this chapter, the excess, if any,
of his accumulated contributions as of the effective date of his retire-
ment, over the total retirement allowances received by him shall be
paid in the same manner as provided in subsection (a) of § 51-156 in
the case of death before retirement unless the retirement allowance is
then being paid in accordance with any of the options of § 51-111.60.

§ 51-158. Group insurance benefits.—-The members of the system,
through coverage under the group insurance contract or contracts pro-
vided for in § 51-111.67:1 are eligible for the insurance benefits described
in § 51-111.67:4, subject to the employee contributions provided for in
§ 51-111.67:5 and § 51-111.67:6 and the other applicable provisions of
Article 9 of Chapter 3.2.

2. §§ 51-128 through 51-142 of the Code of Virginia, and all amendments
thereof, are repealed. The repeal of the sections is, however, subject to
the following provisos: All funds contributed by State Police officers and
the Commonwealth into the fund under the control of the Board of Trus-
tees of the Virginia Supplemental Retirement System as provided in
§ 61-141 shall continue to be held by such Board and to be administered
as provided in this act. Any benefits currently being provided under pro-
visions of the repealed sections shall continue to be paid under the pro-
visions thereof except as modified in this act. All service credited to any
member of the State Police Officers Retirement System pursuant to the pro-
visions of the repealed sections shall be credited to such member for the
purposes of this act.

Site act shall be in force on and after July one, nineteen hundred
sixty-six,