Chap. 384.-An ACT to provide minimum standards for plumbing and plumbing
materials; to define plumbing and plumbing materials as used in this act;
to provide for inspection and tests; to prescribe penalties. [S B 228]

Approved March 31, 1938
1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia, as follows:

ARTICLE I—DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 1. Plumbing.—Plumbing is the art of installing in build-
ings the pipes, fixtures, and other apparatus for bringing in the water
supply and, removing liquid and. water-carried wastes. ,

Section 2. Plumbing system.—The plumbing system of a building
includes the water supply distributing pipes; the fixtures and fixture
‘raps ; the soil, waste, and vent pipes; the house drain and house sewer ;
the storm-water drainage; with their devices, appurtenances, and con-
nections all within or adjacent to the building.

Section 3. Water-Service Pipe-—-The water-service pipe is the
pipe from the water main to the building served.

Section 4. Water-Distribution Pipes—The water-distribution
pipes are those which convey water from the service pipe to the plumb-
ing fixtures.
~~ Section 5. Plumbing Fixtures.—Plumbing fixtures are receptacles
intended to receive and discharge water, liquid, or water-carried wastes
into a drainage system with which they are connected.

Section 6. Trap—A trap is a fitting or device so constructed as
to prevent the passage of air or gas through a pipe without materially
affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through it.

Section 7. Trap Seal—The trap seal is the vertical distance be-
tween the crown weir and the dip of the trap.

Section 8. Vent Pipe——A vent pipe is any pipe provided to ven-
tilate a house-drainage system and to prevent trap siphonage and back
pressure.

Section 9. Local Ventilating Pipe—A local ventilating pipe 1s
a pipe through which foul air is removed from a room or fixture.

Section 10. Soil Pipe—A soil pipe is any pipe which conveys the
discharge of water-closets, with or without the discharges from other
fixtures, to the house drain. ,

Section 11. Waste Pipe and Special Waste—A waste pipe is
any pipe which receives the discharge of any fixture, except water
closets, and conveys the same to the house drain, soil, or waste stacks.
When such pipe does not connect directly with a house drain or soil
stack, it is termed a special waste.

Section 12. Main.—The main of any system of horizontal, vertical,
or continuous piping is that part of such system which receives the
wastes, vent or back vents, from fixture outlets or traps, direct or
through branch pipes.

Section 13. Branch.—The branch of any system of piping is that
part of the system which extends horizontally at a slight grade, with
or without lateral or vertical extensions or vertical arms, from the main
to receive fixture outlets not directly connected to the main.

Section 14. Stack.—Stack is a general term for any vertical line
of soil, waste, or vent piping.

Section 15. House Drain——The house drain is that part of the
lowest horizontal piping of a house drainage system which receives
the discharge from soil, waste, and other drainage pipes inside the
walls of any building and conveys the same to the house sewer be-
ginning five feet outside of the inner face of the building wall.
Section 16. “House ‘Sewer:—-The house sewer is that part of the
horizontal piping of a house drainage system extending from the
house drain five feet outside of the inner face of the building wall to
its connection with the main sewer or cesspool and conveying the
drainage of but one building site.

Section 17. Size and Length—The given caliber or size of pipe
is for a nominal internal diameter, except that other than iron pipe
size, brass pipe is measured by its outside diameter. The developed
length of a pipe is its length along the center line of pipe and fittings.

Section 18. Dead End.—A dead end is a branch leading from a
soil, waste, vent, house drain, or house sewer, which is terminated at
a developed distance of two feet or more by means of a cap, plug,
or other fitting not used for admitting water to the pipe.

ARTICLE II]—GENERAL REGULATIONS

Section 19. Grades of Horizontal Piping.—All horizontal pip-
ing shall be run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade of not
less than one-eighth of an inch per foot, and shall be supported or
anchored at intervals not to exceed ten feet. All stacks shall be sup-
ported at their bases, and all pipes shall be rigidly secured.

Section 20. Change in Direction.—All changes in direction shall
be made by the appropriate use of forty-five degree wyes, half wyes,
long sweep quarter bends, sixth, eighth, or sixteenth bends, except
that single sanitary tees may be used on vertical stacks, and short
quarter bends may be used in soil and waste lines where the change
in direction of flow is from the horizontal to the vertical. Tees and
crosses may be used in vent pipes.

Section 21. Prohibited Fittings—-No double hub, double T, or
double sanitary T branch shall be used on soil or waste lines. The
drilling and tapping of house drains, soil, waste, or vent pipes, and
the use of saddle hubs and bands are prohibited.

Section 22. Dead Ends.—lIn the installation of any drainage sys-

tem dead ends shall be avoided.
Section 23. Protection of Material.—All pipes passing under or
through walls shall be protected from breakage. All pipes passing
through or ‘under cinder concrete or other corrosive material shall be
protected against external corrosion.

Section 24. Workmanship.—Workmanship shall be of such char-
acter as fully to secure the results sought to be obtained in all of the
sections of this code.

Section 25. Installation of Plumbing by Owner.—All ghamihlieg
installed by the owner shall comply with the requirements of this
code and in such event the word “owner” shall be substituted for the
word “plumber” throughout this code.
ARTICLE III—QUALITY AND WEIGHTS OF MATERIALS

~ Section 26. Materials, Quality of —All materials used in any
drainage or plumbing system, or part thereof, shall be free from de-
fects.

Section 27. Label, Cast or Stamped.—Each length of pipe, fit-
ting, trap, fixture, and device used in a plumbing or drainage system
shall be stamped or indelibly marked with the weight or quality
thereof and the maker’s mark or name.

Section 28. Vitrified Clay Pipe——All vitrified clay pipe shall con-
form to the A. S. T. M.1 “standard specifications for clay sewer pipe”
(serial designation, C thirteen-twenty-four).

Section 29. Cast-Iron Pipe—(a) Quality— All cast-iron pipe
and fittings shall conform to the A. S. T. M. “standard specifications
for cast-iron soil pipe and fittings” (serial designation, A seventy-four-
eighteen). (See note twenty-four, page two hundred and twenty-
three. ) ,

(b) Coating.—All cast-iron pipe and fittings for underground
use shall be coated with asphaltum or coal-tar pitch.
~ Section 30. Wrought-Iron Pipe-——-All wrought-iron pipe shall
conform to the A. S. T. M. “standard specifications for welded
wrought-iron pipe’ (serial designation, A seventy-two-twenty-seven ),
and shall be galvanized.

~ Section 31. Mild-Steel Pipe—All steel pipe shall conform to
the A. S. T. M. “standard specifications for welded and seamless
steel pipe’ (serial designation, A fifty-three-twenty-seven), and _ shall
be galvanized.

Section 32. Brass and Copper Pipe.—Brass and copper pipe shall
conform, respectively, to the standard specifications of the A. S. T.
M. for “brass pipe, standard sizes”, and for “copper pipe, standard
sizes” (serial numbers B_ forty-three-twenty-four and B_ forty-two-
twenty-four, respectively).

Section 33. Lead Pipe, Diameter, Weights.—AlIl lead pipe shall
be of best quality of drawn pipe, of not less weight per linear foot than
shown below.

(a) Lead soil, waste, vent, or flush pipes, including bends and
traps (extra light) :

Internal diameter Weights per foot Internal diameter Weights per foot
Inches Lbs. Ozs. Inches Lbs. Ozs.

| een Z a ) re 4 wees
VU cece 2 8 3 occceseeeceneeeee 4 12

| ee 3 8 1 ee 6

1American Society for Testing Materials. These specifications are given in
full in Appendix D, beginning on page two hundred and fifty-three of this report.
1938 | ACTS OF ASSEMBLY 679

(b) Lead water-supply pipe above ground (strong) :

Internal diameter Weights per foot Internal diameter Weights per foot
Inches Lbs. Ozs. Inches Lbs. Ozs.
Wo eee reece 2 _. a 4 12
a 2 8 1 ee 6
Yoo vceeessseeeessnnee 3 . ee 6 g

| es a —_ Do vecceceeeeeeeeceeees / _

(c) Lead water-supply pipe under ground (extra strong) :

Internal diameter Weights per foot Internal diameter Weights per foot
Inches Lbs. Ozs. Inches Lbs. Ozs.
Yo ceeceeeesesanee 2 g 1, 6 -
7 3 . LA, oceceeeecssseeeee 7 8
Vp ccc eeeeseese eee 3 8 3G ee g _

| nn 4 12 2 ceceeteceececeeeee es 9 a

Section 34. Sheet Lead.—Sheet lead shall weigh not less than
four pounds per square foot.

Section 35. Sheet Copper or Brass.—Sheet copper or brass shall
be not lighter than number eighteen B. and S. gauge except that for
local and interior ventilating pipe it shall be not lighter than number
twenty-six B. and S. gauge.

Section 36. Galvanized Sheet Iron.—Galvanized sheet iron shall
be not lighter than the following B. and S. gauge:

Number twenty-six for two to twelve-inch pipe.

Number twenty-four for thirteen to twenty-inch pipe.

Number twenty-two for twenty-one to twenty-six-inch pipe.

Section 37. Threaded Fittings—(a) Plain screwed fittings shall
be of cast iron, malleable iron, or brass of standard weight and dimen-
sions. (b) Drainage fittings shall be of cast iron, malleable iron, or
brass, with smooth interior waterway, with threads tapped out of
solid metal. (c) All cast-iron fittings used for water-supply distri-
bution shall be galvanized. (d) All malleable iron fittings shall be
galvanized. !

Section 38. Calking Ferrules—Brass calking ferrules shall be of
the best quality red cast brass, with weights and dimensions in accord-
ance with the following table: |

Actual inside

diameter Length Weight |
Pipe size (inches) Inches Inches Lbs. Ozs.
QD covecseencesececeneeseceteseeeteeeenentes 2% 4M 1 _
3 enereerer rane se amen tere 314 AY, 1 12
a At At, 2 8g

Section. 39. Soldering Nipples and Bushings—(a) Soldering
nipples shall be of brass pipe, iron-pipe size, or of heavy, cast red brass
not less than the following weights :
Diameters ~. - Weights Diameters Weights
| : Lbs.

Inches Ozs. Inches Ozs.
F) en + 1 6
| 8 , 2 O
hovnneeeeeceeeeeeeeceecceesenecceceeeeees 14 ee 3 8

(b) Soldering bushings shall be of brass pipe, iron-pipe size, or
of heavy, cast red brass.

Section 40. Floor Flanges for Water-Closets.—Floor flanges for
water-closets shall be not less than three-sixteenths of an inch thick,
and of brass or cast iron. ,

ARTICLE IV.—JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

Section 41. Water and Air-Tight Joints—All joints and connec-
tions mentioned under this article shall be made permanently gas and
water-tight.

Section 42. Vitrified Pipe—All joints in vitrified clay pipes, or
between vitrified clay pipe and metals, shall be poured joints.

Section 43. Calked Joints—All calked joints shall be firmly
packed with oakum or hemp, and shall be secured only with pure lead,
not less than one inch deep, well calked, and no paint, varnish, or putty
will be permitted until after the joint is tested.

Section 44. Screw Joints.——All screw joints shall be American
standard screw joints, and all burrs or cuttings shall be removed.

Section 45. Cast Iron.—Cast-iron joints may be either calked
or screw joints made in the approved manner.

— Section 46. Wrought Iron, Steel, or Brass to Cast Iron.—The
joints may be either screwed or calked joints made in the approved
manner.

Section 47. Lead Pipe.—Joints in lead pipe or between lead pipe
and brass or copper pipes, ferrules, soldering nipples, bushings, or
traps, in all cases on the sewer side of the trap and in concealed joints
on the inlet side of the trap, shall be full-wiped joints, with an ex-
posed surface of the solder to each side of the joint of not less than
three-quarters of an inch and a minimum thickness at the thickest
part of the joint of not less than three-eighths of an inch.

Section 48. Lead to Cast Iron, Steel, or Wrought Iron.—The
joints shall be made by means of a calking ferrule, soldering nipple,
or bushing.

Section 49. Slip Joints and Unions.—Slip joints will be permitted
only in trap seals or on the inlet side of the trap. Unions on the
sewer side of the trap shall be ground faced, and shall not be con-
cealed or inclosed.

Section 50. Roof Joints—-The joint at the roof shall be made
water-tight by use of copper, lead, or iron plates or flashings.

Section 51. Closet, Pedestal Urinal and Trap Standard Slop Sink,
Floor Connections.—A brass floor connection shall be wiped or sol-

dered to lead: pipe, an iron floor connection shall. be calked to cast-iron
pipe, or an iron floor connection calked or screwed to wrought-iron
pipe, and the floor connections bolted to an earthenware trap flange.
A metal to earthenware, a metal to metal union, or a lead or asbestos
gasket or washer shall be used to make a tight joint. |

Section 52. Increasers and Reducers.——Where different sizes of

pipes or pipes and fittings are to be connected, proper size increasers
or reducers, pitched at an angle of forty-five degrees between the two
sizes, shall be used. x
~ Section 53. Prohibited Joints and Connections.—Any fitting or
connection which has an enlargement, chamber, or recess with a ledge
shoulder or reduction of the pipe area in the direction of the flow on
the outlet or drain side of any trap is prohibited.

Section 54. Expansion Bolts.—Connections of wall hangers, pipe
supports, or fixture settings with the masonry, stone, or concrete back-
ing shall be made with expansion bolts without the use of wooden
plugs. 7 ,

Section 55. New Materials——Any other material than that speci-
fied in this code, which the proper administrative authority approves
as being equally efficient, may be permitted. :

ARTICLE V.—TRAPS AND CLEAN OUTS

Section 56. Traps, Kind, and Minimum Size——Every trap shall
be self-cleaning. Traps for bathtubs, lavatories, sinks, and other simi-
lar fixtures shall be of lead, brass, cast iron, or of malleabie iron
galvanized or porcelain enameled inside. Galvanized or porcelain-
enameled traps shall be extra heavy and shall have a full-bore smooth-
interior water-way, with threads tapped out of solid metal.

The minimum size (nominal inside diameter) of trap and waste
branch for a given fixture shall not be less than that shown in the
following table:

Kind of fixture Size (in inches),, Kind of fixture Size (in inches),
trap and branch trap and branch
Bathtubs? oo... eee ly Sinks, large hotel or public 2
Bath, shower, stall?.............. 2 Sinks, small, pantry or bar 1%
Bath, sitzo.........e teeeeeeeeeee ee 1 Sinks, dishwasher................ 1%
Bath, foot ........ i eeeeeeeeeee 1% Sinks, slop, with trap com-
Bidets o2............ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 1% Dined oo... eeseeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Combination fixture............ ly Sinks, slop sink, ordinary?.. 2
Drinking fountains.............. 1% Urinals, lip... eee 1%
Fountain cuspidors.............- 1% Urinals, troughs.....000.0........ A
Floor drains... Z Urinals, pedestal... 3
Laundry trayS........22........ 1% Urinals, stall ..22222 Z
Sinks, kitchen, resident...... 1% Washbasin? uu... eee 1%
Sinks, hotel or public.......... Z Water-closet -...2..220..2.2--- J

1The present tendency is toward an increase in the size of trap and
waste pipe for this fixture, in order to reduce the time required for empty-
ing it.
Section 57. Traps, Prohibited——No form of trap which depends
for its seal upon the action of movable parts or concealed interior
partitions shall be used for fixtures.

Section 58. Traps, Where Required.—Each fixture shall be sepa-
rately trapped by a water-seal trap placed as near to the fixture as
possible, except that a set of not more than three laundry trays or
lavatories or a set of two laundry trays and one sink may connect with
a single trap, provided the trap is placed centrally and the branches
connect into the trap seal at an angle of not more than sixty degrees
to the vertical arm. In no case shall the waste from a bathtub or
other fixture discharge into a water-closet trap. No fixture shall be
double trapped.

Section 59. Water Seal.—Each fixture trap shall have a water
seal of not less than two inches and not more than four inches.

Section 60. Trap Clean Outs.—Each trap, except those in com-
bination with fixtures in which the trap seal is plainly visible and ac-
cessible, shall be provided with an accessible brass trap screw of ample
size, protected by the water seal.

Section 61. Trap Levels and Protection—All traps shall be set
true with respect to their water seals and protected from frost and
evaporation.

Section 62. Pipe Clean Outs.—The bodies of clean-out ferrules
shall be made of standard pipe sizes, conform in thickness to that
required for pipe and fittings of the same metal, and extend not less
than one-quarter inch above the hub. The clean-out cap or plug shall
be of heavy red brass not less than one-eighth inch thick and be pro-
vided with raised nut or recessed socket for removal.

Section 63. Pipe Clean Outs—Where Required.—A clean out
easily accessible shall be provided at the foot of each vertical waste
or soil stack. There shall be at least two clean outs in the house drain
one at or near the base of the stack and the other, with full size Y
branch, inside the wall near the connection between the house drain
and house sewer. Except for the latter, clean outs shall be of the
same nominal size as the pipes up to four inches and not less than
four inches for larger pipes. The distance between clean outs in hori-
zontal soil lines shall not exceed fifty feet. }

Section 64. Manholes—AIl underground traps and clean outs
of a building, except where clean outs are flush with the floor, and all
exterior underground traps shall be made accessible by manholes
with proper covers.

Section 65. Clean Outs—Equivalents—Any floor or wall connec-
tion of fixture traps when bolted or screwed to the floor or wall
shall be regarded as a clean out.

Section 66. Grease Traps—-When a grease trap is installed, it
shall be placed as near as possible to the fixture from which it receives
the discharge and should have twice the capacity of the discharge.
Section 67. Sand Traps—Sand traps when installed should UE
so designed and placed as to be readily accessible for cleaning.

Section 68.' Basement Floor Drains.—Cellar or basement floor
drains shall.connect into a trap so constructed that it can be readily
cleaned and ‘of size to serve efficiently the purpose for which it iS
intended. The drain inlet shall be so located that it is at all times in
full view. When subject to back flow or back pressure, such drains
shall be equipped with an adequate back-water valve.

Section 69. Back-Water Valves——Back-water valves shall have
all bearing parts or balls of noncorrodible metal and so constructed as
to insure a positive mechanical seal and remain closed except when dis-
charging wastes.

ARTICLE VI.—WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION .

Section 70. Quality of Water—The quality of the water supply
shall meet accepted standards of purity.

Section 71. Distribution—The water supply shall be distributed
through a piping system entirely independent of any piping system
conveying another water supply.

Section 72. Water Service-——The water-service pipe of any build-
ing shall be of sufficient size to permit a continuous ample flow of
water on all floors at a given time.

Section 73. Water Supply to Fixtures—AlIl plumbing fixtures
shall be provided with a sufficient supply of water for flushing to
keep them in a sanitary condition. Every water-closet or pedestal
urinal shall be flushed by means of an approved tank or flush valve of
at least four gallons flushing capacity for water-closets and at least
two gallons for urinals, and shall be adjusted to prevent the waste of
water. The flush pipe for water-closet flush tanks shall be not less
than one and one-fourth inches in diameter, and the water from flush
tanks shall be used for no other purpose.

No water-closet or urinal bowl shall be supplied directly from a
water-supply system through a flushometer or other valve unless such
valve is set above the water-closet or urinal in a manner such as
to prevent any possibility of polluting the water supply.

No plumbing fixture, device, or construction shall be installed which
will provide a cross connection between a distributing system of water
for drinking and domestic purposes and a drainage system, soil, or
waste pipe so as to permit or make possible the back flow of sewage
or waste into the water-supply system.

Section 74. Size of Water-Supply Pipes——The minimum size of
water-service pipes from. the curb to the ia sas be one-half
inch, and to fixtures as follows:

. Inch . Inch
Sul cocks..000. eee eee eee y Lavatories .2...0.0..0222cceecceeeeeeee 3%
Hot-water boilers.................. % Bathtubs —.002222000.2 eee eee \%
Laundry trays... iy Water-closet tanks...2200000.... 3

Sinks oo. eee e eee eee V,
.. Section 75. .Water-Supply Control——A main shut-off on the water-
supply line shall be provided near the curb. Accessible shut-offs shall
be provided on the main supply line just inside the foundation wall
for each flat or apartment of a building, for each lawn sprinkler, for
supply to each hot water tank, and for each water-closet.

Section 76. Water-Supply Pipes and Fittings—Material—All
water-supply pipes for a plumbing system shall be of lead, galvanized
wrought iron or steel, brass, or cast iron, with brass or galvanized
cast-iron or galvanized malleable-iron fittings. No pipe or fittings that
have been used for other purposes shall be used for distributing water.

Section 77. Water Supply, Protection.—All concealed water pipes,
storage tanks, flushing cisterns, and all exposed pipes or tanks sub-
ject to freezing temperatures shall be efficiently protected against
freezing.

Section 78. Relief Valves——Wherever a check valve is installed
on the cold-water supply pipe between the street main and the hot-

water tank there shall be installed on the hot-water distributing system
a suitable relief valve.

Section 79. Pump and Hydrants—All p pumps and hydrants shall

be protected from surface water and contamination.

ARTICLE VII—PLUMBING FIXTURES

Section 80. Materials——All receptacles used as water-closets, uri-
nals, or otherwise for the disposal of human excreta, shall be vitrified
earthenware, hard natural stone, or cast iron white enameled on the
inside.

Section 81. How Installed—AlIl plumbing fixtures shall be in-
stalled free and open and in a manner to afford access for cleaning.
Where practical all pipes from fixtures shall be run to the wall, and
no lead trap or pipe shall extend nearer to the floor than twelve inches
unless protected by casing.

Section 82. Water-Closet Bowls —Water- closet bowls and traps
shall be made in one piece and of such form as to hold sufficient quan-
tity of water, when filled to the trap overflow, to prevent fouling of
surfaces, and shall be provided with integral flushing rims constructed
so as to flush the entire interior of the bowl. |

Section 83. Frost-Proof Closets—Where Permitted.—Frost-proof
closets may be installed only in compartments which have no direct
connection with a building used for human habitation or occupancy.
The soil pipe between the hopper and the trap shall be three inches
in diameter and shall be of lead, or cast iron enameled on the inside.

Section 84. Fixtures Prohibited—Fixed wooden wash trays or
sinks shall not be installed in any building designed or used for human
habitation. No new copper lined wocden bathtubs shall be installed,
and an old fixture of this class taken out shall not be reconnected.
Pan and valve plunger, offet washout and other water-closets having
invisible seals or unventilated space, or walls not thoroughly washed at
each flush shall not be used. Long hopper closets or similar appli-
ances shall not hereafter be installed. No dry closets or chemical
closet shall be installed in a dwelling.

Section 85. Floor Drains and Shower Drains.—A floor drain or
a shower drain shall be considered a fixture and provided with a
strainer.

Section 86. Fixture Strainers—All fixtures other than water-
closets and pedestal urinals shall be provided with fixed strong metallic
strainers with outlet areas not less than that of the interior of the trap
and waste pipe. ,

Section 87. Fixture Overflow——The overflow pipe from a fixture
shall be connected on the house or inlet side of the trap and be so
arranged that it may be readily and effectively cleaned.

ARTICLE VIIL—VENTILATION OF ROOMS AND
FIXTURES |

Section 88. Location of Fixtures——No trapped plumbing fixtures
shall be located in any room or apartment which does not contain a
window placed in an external wall or is not otherwise provided with
proper ventilation. .

Section 89. Ventilating Pipe, How Connected.—Ventilation pipes
from fixtures and toilet rooms shall be separate and distinct and have
no connection whatever with the other ventilating ducts or pipes in the
building. ,

ARTICLE IX.—SOIL, WASTE, AND VENT PIPES ©

Section 90. Material—AlIl main or branch soil, waste, and vent
pipes within the building shall be of cast iron, galvanized steel or
wrought iron, lead, brass, or copper, except that no galvanized steel
or wrought iron pipe shall be used for underground soil or waste pipes.

Section 91. Fixture Unit—The following table, based on the rate
of discharge from a lavatory as the unit, shall be employed to determine
fixture equivalents: |

Fixture

: | Units
One lavatory or washbasin..............2..2-----.-2ce-seeeeeeceeceeeececeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeees 1

One kitchen sink .....22....-2cccc.ceeeceeeeeee enone ce eeeee ee eeee cco esececceeseeceeesneecceeeeeees 1
One bathtub -........-2-.----2eceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeceeeeeceeesecceeeceece ences eeeeeeceeeeeceeeneeees 2
One laundry tray......---.-.22--2-:2-cc-cceecceeeeeeeteeceesnenneteceneeenneseetseeescenensessenees 3
One combination fixture.........222....2222.-0.20-ceeceeeeeeeeecececeeneee ce eneneeeceeeeeeeees 5
Ce UTI] cet ere eprrerene meen an nn wcrc eae arene ee ne ene Ae si 3
One shower bath..........-2--.---2---00-eeeeceoeeceeeenee cc eeeeeceeee eee eeeceeeeeeceeeeeeeceeeeees 3
One floor Arain..........-2.--.----cceceeeeceenecceeeeeeeeeenenecceeeeececceeeeceneececeeerscecceeees 3
One slop sink.......-..--..-2-:2-:-2:csceeeseeneececeeceencneeceenenersetneess wesceeeeeeesseeeeeeeeees 4
One. water-closet.........2..--.::21--cccecencenceeteceneneceeneeceseecenseecectteneaneenneeseeanes —6«66

One bathroom group consisting of 1 water-closet, 1 lavatory, and
1 bathtub and overhead shower; or of 1 water-closet, 1 lava-
tory, and 1 shower compartment......-..-.---.-----------e--eeeeette
One, hundred and ‘eighty square feet of roof or drained area in
horizontal projection shall count as one fixture unit.

Section 92. Soil and Waste Stacks.—Every building in which
plumbing fixtures are installed shall have a soil or waste stack, or
stacks, extending full size through the roof. Soil and waste stacks
shall be as direct as possible and free from sharp bends and turns.
‘The required size of a soil or waste stack shall be determined from
the distribution and total of all fixture units connected to the stack
in accordance with the following table, except that no water-closets
shall discharge into a stack less than three inches in diameter:

MAXIMUM FIXTURE UNITS ON ONE STACK
With all 45° Y or

“combination Y and Maximum

With “sanitary T” one-eighth bend” length,
inlets inlets including
In one In one extension
Diameter branch On any branch On any as vent
(inches) _ | interval! one stack interval1 one stack Feet
[7 1 1 1 1 50
SS ne Z 8 4 12 65
) 9 16 15 36 | 85 -
\, 24 48 45 72 ale
ee 144 256 — 240 384 300
Be ereesnsnncnimcaapany 324 | 680 540 1,020 © 390
CO revoceeeeeccnecceeee. 672 1,380 1,122 2,070 510
i 2,088 3,600 3,480 5,400 750

1The term “branch interval” shall be interpreted to mean a vertical
length of stack, not less than 8 feet, within which a branch or branches are
connected, and the total fixture units on all branches connected to a stack
within any 8-foot length shall not exceed the maximum permitted by the
table in one “branch interval.”

Section 93. Soil and Waste Stacks, Fixtures Connections.—All
soil and waste stacks and branches shall be provided with correctly
faced inlets for fixture connections. |

Section 94. Changing Soil and Vent Pipes.—In existing buildings
where the soil or waste vent pipe is not extended undiminished through
or above the roof, or where there is a sheet-metal soil or waste vent
pipe, and the fixture is changed in style or location or is replaced, a
soil or waste vent pipe of the size and material prescribed for new work
shall be installed. :

Section 95. Prohibited Connections—No fixture connection shall
be made to a lead bend or branch of a water-closet or similar fixture.
No soil or waste vent, circuit or loop vent above the highest installed
fixture on the branch or main shall thereafter be used as a soil or waste
pipe.

‘Section 96. Soil and Waste Pipe Protected—No soil or waste
stack shall be installed or permitted outside a building unless adequate
provision is made to protect it from frost.
Section 97. Roof Extensions.—All roof extensions of soil and
waste stacks shall be run full size at least one foot above the roof, and
when the roof is used for other purposes than weather protection such
extension shall not be less than five feet above the roof.

When there is danger of frost closure, no roof extension shall be
less than four inches in diameter, Change in diameter shall be made
by use of a long increaser at least one foot below the roof, and where
access to the roof is difficult a test opening shall be provided at this
point.

Section 98. Terminals——The roof terminal of any stack or vent,
if within twelve feet of any door, window, scuttle, or air shaft, shall
extend at least three feet above the same.

Section 99. Terminals Adjoining High Buildings——No soil, waste,
or vent pipe extension of any new or existing building shall be run
or placed on the outside of a wall, but shall be carried up in the inside
of the roof.

In the event that a new building is built higher than an existing
building, the owner of the new building shall not locate windows
within twelve feet of any existing vent stack on the lower building
unless the owner of such new building shall defray the expenses or
shall himself make such alteration to conform with section ninety-
eight of this article.

It shall be the duty of the owner of the lower or existing building
to make such alteration therein upon the receipt in advance of money
or security therefor, sufficient for the purpose, from the owner of
the new or higher building or to permit, at the election of the owner
of the new or higher building, the making of such alteration by the
owner of said new or higher building.

Section 100. Traps Protected, Vents.—Every fixture trap shall
be protected against siphonage and back pressure, and air circulation
assured by means of a soil or waste stack vent, a continuous waste or
soil vent, or a loop or circuit vent. No crown vent shall be installed.

Section 101. Distance of Vent from Trap Seal—No trap shall be
placed more than five feet, horizontal developed length, from its vent.
The distance shall be measured along the central line of the waste or
soil pipe from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent opening. The
vent opening from the soil or waste pipe, except for water-closets and
similar fixtures, shall not be below the dip of the trap.

Section 102. Main Vents to Connect at Base——AlIl main vents or
vent stacks shall connect full size at their base to the main soil or
waste pipe at or below the lowest fixture branch and shall extend
undiminished in size above the roof or shall be reconnected with the
main soil or waste vent at least three feet above the highest fixture

branch.

Section 103. Vents, Required Sizes——-The required size of main
vents or vent stacks shall be determined from the size of the soil
or waste stack vented, the total number of fixture units drained into
it, and the developed length of.the vent, in accordance with the follow-
ing table, interpolating when necessary between permissible lengths of
vent given in the table:

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LENGTH OF VENTS (IN FEET) FOR SOIL
. | | AND WASTE STACKS.
DIAMETERS OF

SOIL OR WASTE NUMBER
STACK OF FIXTURE |
(INCHES) — UNITS DIAMETER OF VENT (IN INCHES)

14% 1% 2 2% 3 4 5 6 8 10
VY weeeecececeeceeeeeeeneee 1
VA, ceeecceneeeennecenneeeeee Up to 8 35 CO cece cet cette ecto eeeee nena
2 cannssccenecesercceccecceses Up to 18 30 50 90 we ce cece cet cece nent
2 oecnncecnnceescecenncceeenes Up to 36 25 45 75 105 ee eee cece cence nena cess
DF scsmmnonsmscemnacesmnest 12 34 120 180 212 wo ll le tees
3 iessecseceesesseeeseeees 18 18 70 180 212 we eee cette nets
ee 24 12 50 130 212 le cee eens
1 36 8S 35 93 212 ci cece ceceee nedeee eeeeee
a 48 7 32, 80 212 ec cece teen eeeee
el 72 6 25 65 212 we ee cece eee
A iaceecenscsenccenececencees 24 25 110 200 300 340 wo ll.
A ilieenesecnsseessnceennees 48 16 65 115 300 340 wo LL.
A aeccssseeseeeneeeeensees 96 12 45 84 300 340 wo ll.
A icecescesceseneeneneeeenes 144 9 36 72 300 340 wo le.
4 iceccessecesnncnsnceeeeces 192 8 30 64 282 340 wo le le
re 264 7 20 56 245 340 wo le
ae 384 5 18 47 206 340 wo le ee
SS csscmpsnceqemmeesonnmmeeeer a 40 65 250 390 440 wo Lu.
B cieseaseeeencenseceeenneees 144 ae 30 47 180 390 440 wool...
TS exmmummmnempmaconnneonnmens 288 ee cece 20 32 124 390 440 wow lo.
ee 432 ce cee 16 24 94 320 440 wo lo.
SS ccmspeseeemmnesccemmamenne sean 720 ie cee wees 10 16 70 225 440 wo lu.
BS assesncccnncecsneecensncees 1,020 2 ee 8 13 58 180 440 wool...
6 cessnsecenccensecesecceeeees 144 ce cee 27 108 340 510 wow lu.
O cessesssccccenseensnccenenes i, 15 70 220 510 630...
6 cecesnceecnncensnnccencceee a 10 43 150 425 630. ......
6 aesnnneecenseeesecesceeee S64 cee cece eee 7 33 125 320 630. ......
6 iceceseceeneceeneceeeneeee 1,296 eee cee nee neces 6 25 92 240 630. ......
ranger 2,070 nee nese ceeeee nee 4 21 75 186 630. ......
BG aeaeeecsscencecenseenennees 71 0 42 144 400 750 900
BG aecescneceseceseceeeescees O40 eee nee sees 30 86 260 750 900
GB cieeeeecesncensnensecceseees 16) 0 ne 22 60 190 750 900
Bo eeceseecescseeneceeeneoes 1,600 2 cee cee eee 16 40 120 525 900
BG iaeececssesscecenscceesces ee) 0 ee 12 28 90 370 900
BG caaceceeceesececeneceeensees 4,160 ce cece cette tates 7 22 62 252 840
GB ieeecescecsnneeenseceenenes 55400 ee eect ceeeee nates 5 17 52 212 705

Section 104. Branch and Individual Vents——No vents shall be
less than one and one-fourth inches in diameter. For one and one-
fourth and one and one-half inch wastes the vent shall be of the same
diameter as the waste pipe. And in no case shall a branch or main
vent have a diameter less than one-half that of the soil or waste
pipe served, and in no case shall the length of a branch vent of given
diameter exceed the maximum length permitted for the main vent
serving the same size soil or vent stack.

Section 105. Vent-Pipe Grades and Connections——All vent and
branch vent pipes shall be free from drops or sags and be so graded
and connected as to drip back to the soil or waste pipe by gravity.
Where vent. pipes connect to.a. horizontal soil or waste pipe, the vent
branch shall be taken off above the center line of the pipe, and the
vent pipe must rise vertically or at an angle of forty-five degrees to
the vertical to a point six inches above the fixture it is venting before
offsetting horizontally or connecting to the branch, main waste, or
soil vent. :

Section 106. Circuit and Loop Vents.—A circuit or loop vent
will be permitted as follows: A branch soil or waste pipe to which
two and not more than eight water-closets, pedestal urinals, trap stan-
dard slop sinks, or shower stalls are connected in the series may be
vented by a circuit or loop vent, which shall be taken off in front of
the last fixture connection. Where fixtures discharge above such
branch, each branch shall be provided with a relief one-half the
diameter of the soil or waste stack, taken off in front of the first
fixture connection.

Section 107. Vents not Required.—No vents will be required on a
down spout or rain leader trap, a back-water trap, a subsoil catch
basin trap, or on a cellar floor drain, provided the cellar floor drain
branches into the house drain on the sewer side at a distance of five
feet or more from the base of the stack.

Where bathrooms or water-closets or other fixtures are located on
opposite sides of a wall or partition or directly adjacent to each
other within the prescribed distance, such fixtures may have a common
soil or waste pipe and common vent.

ARTICLE X.—HOUSE DRAINS AND SEWERS

Section 108. Independent System—The drainage and plumbing
system of each new building and of new work installed in an existing
building shall be separate from and independent of that of any other
building, except as provided below, and every building shall have an
independent connection with a public or private sewer when available.

Exception—Where one building stands in the rear of another
building on an interior lot and no private sewer is available or can
be constructed to the rear building through adjoining alley, court,
yard, or driveway, the house drain from the front building may be
extended to the rear building and the whole will be considered as
one house drain.

Section 109. Old House Sewers and Drains——Old house sewers
and drains may be used in connection with new buildings or new
plumbing only when they are found, on examination and test, to con-
form in all respects to the requirements governing new sewers or
drains, as prescribed in this code. If the old work is found defective,
the proper administrative authority shall notify the owner to make
the necessary changes to conform with this code.

Section 110. Connections with Cesspools—When a sewer is not
available, drain pipes from buildings shall be connected with approved
private sewage disposal works.
Section 111. Excavations——Each system of piping shall be laid
in a separate trench, provided that drainage trenches may be benched
not less than eighteen inches for lighter piping, if not in violation of
any city regulations prescribed for their installation. Where a double
system of drainage is installed, the sanitary and surface house sewers
or drains may be laid side by side in one trench.

Tunneling for distances not greater than six feet is permissible in
yards, courts, or driveways of any building site. When pipes are
driven, the drive pipe shall be at least one size larger than the pipe
to be laid.

All excavations required to be made for the installation of a house-
drainage system, or any part thereof within the walls of a building,
shall be open trench work. All such trenches and tunnels shall be kept
open until the piping has been inspected, tested, and approved.

Section 112. House Drains Underground—Whenever possible all
house drains shall be brought into the building below the basement or
cellar floor.

Section 113. Material—-(a) The house sewer beginning five
feet outside of the inner face of the building wall shall be of cast
iron or of vitrified clay pipe; (b) the house drain when underground
shall be of lead, brass, or cast iron; (c) the house drain when above
ground shall be of cast iron, galvanized wrought iron or steel, lead
or brass, approved standards. (See Article three, sections twenty-six
to thirty-three, inclusive. )

Section 114. Depth of Drains and Sewers——No house sewer or
underground house drain shall be laid parallel to or within three feet
of any bearing wall, which might be thereby weakened. The house
sewer and drains shall be laid at sufficient depth to protect them from
frost.

Section 115. Size of Drains, Sewers, and Horizontal Branches.
—The required size of sanitary house drains, sanitary house sewers,
and horizontal branches shall be determined on the basis of the total
number of fixture units drained by them in accordance with the fol-
lowing table:
Maximum number of. Maximum number of

ar, fixture units o> | fixture units

ce Slope Slope Slope | oe _ Slope Slope Slope
S = %-inch WY-inch %-inch 5 _ y-inch %-inch %-inch
Be fall to fall to fall to me ee fallto fallto fall to
aw 1 foot. 1 foot 1 foot A'S. 1 foot 1 foot 1 foot
1% 0... 1 1 1 _— 162 216 264

TES sctsrsne 2 2 3 6 wee 300 =———s« 450 600

) 5 6t 81 Bw. 990 1,392 2,220

. 152 182 212 10... 1,800 2,520 3,900

4 kee 84 96 114 12 ....... 3,084 4,320 6,912 ©

1 No water-closet shall discharge into a drainpipe less than 3 inches ir
diameter. | , :

“Not more than two water-closets shall discharge into any 3-inch hori-
zontal branch, house drain, or house sewer.

The required sizes of storm-water house drains and house sewer:
and other lateral storm drains shall be determined on the basis of the
total drained area in horizontal projection in accordance with the fol-
lowing table:

STORM SYSTEMS ONLY

we Maximum drained roof a Maximum drained roof

° area (square feet)! ee area (square feet)1

br F Slope Slope — Slope 2s Slope Slope Slope
fo Smt lg-inch 14-inch 14-inch = ial Z-inch 1% -inch 14-inch
Bo fall to fall to fall to = S fall to fall to fall to
A'S, 1 foot 1 foot 1 foot A'S, 1 foot 1 foot 1 foot
en 865 1,230 1,825 8 ieee 11,115 15,745 24,890
Ye 1,860 2,610 4,170 10 19,530 2/,o75 43,625
Fy ucamaneen - 3,325 4°715 7,465 12 0... 31,200 44,115 69,720
6 lee 5,315 7,o15 11,875 14 ow. 42,600 60,000 95,000

1 The calculations in this table are based on a rate of rainfall of 4 inche:
per hour. OO

Section 116. Combined Storm and Sanitary Sewer Systems.—
Whenever a combined sewer system is employed, the required size of
the house drain or house sewer shall be determined by multiplying the
total number of fixture units carried by the drain or sewer by the con-
version factor corresponding to the drained area and total fixture units
adding the product to the drained area and applying the sum to the
preceding table for storm-water sewers section one hundred and fifteen
No combined house drain or house sewer shall be less than four inches
in diameter, and no combined house drain or house sewer shall be
smaller in size than that required for the same number of fixture unit:
or for the same roof area in separate systems.
Drained

roof area

in square feet

wwe es een eam a ee sees ene eens eneseeeene

ee ee er ee re rr eee

com> <> <>)

cee es > a >

NUMBER OF FIXTURE UNITS ON SANITARY SYSTEM

61
to
96
30
29
27
24
20
12
9.1
6.6
4.1
2.3
Bok

97
to

144

22

21
20
18
15
11.5

0

145

217

to to
216 324

18
17.6

16.9
15.4

13.6

11.1
8.6
6.4
4.3
2.8
2.3
2.2
fue
2.1
2.0
0

15
14.7
14.3

‘13.2

12.1

10.4

8.3
63
4.4
2.6
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1

2.0

325 487 733 1,099 1,645 2,467

to to to to to to
486 732 1,098 1,644 2,466 3,702

10
9.9
of
9.2
8.7
8.4
7.9
6.3
47
3.2
2.9
2.3

2.3

bf
2.1
2.0

9.2
9.1
8.8
8.6
8.3
8.1
7.8

6.4

5.0

3.7

2.6

2.4.

2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0

8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.7
6.4
5.1
4.6
2.7
2.4
2.3
2.2

21

2.0

8.2
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.6
6.8
6.1

‘5.0

3.5
2.6
2.4
Date
21
2.0

8.0
8.0

7.9
7.9

7.8
7.7
7.5
7.0
6.4
5.6

4.5.

Gud
2.5
2.2
2.1
2.0

3;703 Over

to

5,996

7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.2

5.2

4.2
2.8
2.3

"2.1

2.0

5,956

7.8
78
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.2
6.9
6.4
5.6
47
3.1
2.4
2.1
2.0
_. Section 117. House Sewer in Made Ground.—The house sewer
when laid in made or filled-in ground shall be of vitrified clay pipe,
laid on bed of approved grillage or concrete, or of cast-iron pipe,
A. S. T. M. approved standards.

Section 118. Drainage Below Sewer Level.—In all buildings in
which the whole or part of the house drainage and plumbing system
thereof lies below the crown level of the main sewer, sewage or house
wastes shall be lifted by approved artifical means and discharged into
the house sewer. | re

Section 119. Sumps and Receiving Tanks.—All subhouse drains
shall discharge into an airtight sump or receiving tank so located as to
receive the sewage by gravity, from which sump or receiving tank the
sewage shall be lifted and discharged into the house sewer by pumps,
ejectors, or any equally efficient method. Such sumps shall be either
automatically discharged or be of sufficient capacity to receive the house
sewage and wastes for not less than twenty-four hours. ,

Section 120. Ejectors, Vented.—The soil or vent pipe leading to
an ejector or other appliance for raising sewage or other waste matter
to the street sewer shall, where a water-closet or closets are installed,
be provided with a vent pipe not less than four inches in diameter, and
where fixtures other than water-closets are installed the waste vent pipe
shall be the same diameter as the waste pipe.

Section 121. Motors, Compressors, et cetera.—AlIl motors, air com-
pressors, and air tanks shall be located where they are open for inspec-
tion and repair at all times. The air tanks shall be so proportioned
as to be of equal cubical capacity to the ejectors connected therewith,
in which there shall be maintained an air pressure of not less than two
pounds. for each foot of height the sewage is to be raised. ,

Section 122. Ejectors for Subsoil Drainage—When subsoil catch
basins are installed below the sewer level, automatic water ejectors pro-
vided with a ball float attached to the main water supply shall be used.
Such ejectors or any device raising subsoil water shall discharge into
a properly trapped fixture or into a storm-water drain.

ARTICLE XI.—STORM-WATER DRAINS

Section 123. Drainage of Yards, Areas, and Roofs.—All roofs and
paved areas, yards, courts, and courtyards shall be drained into the
storm-water sewerage system or the combined sewerage systems, but
not into sewers intended for sewage only. When drains used for this
purpose are connected with the combined sewerage systems, they shall
be effectually trapped, except roof leaders and conductors, where the
root or gutter opening is located not less than twelve feet from a door,
window scuttle, or air shaft. One trap may serve for all such con-
nections, but traps must be set below the frost line or on the inside of
the building. Where there is no sewer accessible, such connections
shall be discharged into the public gutter, unless otherwise permitted
by the proper authorities, and in such case need not be trapped.
Section 124. Size of Gutters and Leaders.—No gutter or inside
leader shall be of less size than the following: a

AREA OF ROOF (IN SQUARE FEET)

Gutter Leader

Inches Inches
Th BO SO rcrencdiecrnermccncwannennncernesinnnmnenmnenemnearenintennrcenenennnaitdtihiisAschicaenanannin 3 1%
0 a so, | 4 2
00 ia OD A | 4 3
a ae: a en 5 3
1,801 to 3,600... eee ece cece cceeee ccc eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeceneneeeneenentenees 6 4
BO, Ce SS ececcenecsecromeiricneeecpreonememcntee semen si tA SARA IRE HAS 8 5
lok 10 6

Outside leaders to the frost line shall be one size larger than re-
quired in the above table.

Gutters eight inches or over in width on new buildings shall be
hung with wrought-iron hangers of approved type.

The above sizes of rain leaders are based on diameter of circular
rain leaders, and gutters based on semicircular sheet-metal gutters with
the top dimension given and other shapes shall have the same sectional
area.

Section 125. Inside conductors——When placed within the walls
of any building or run in an inner or interior court or ventilating pipe
shaft, all conductors or roof leaders shall be constructed of cast iron
or of galvanized wrought iron or steel pipe.

— Section 126. Outside Conductors——When outside conductors or
down spouts of sheet metal are connected with the house drain, they
shall be so connected by means of not less than one length of cast-iron
pipe extending vertically at least one foot above the grade line.

Along public driveways without sidewalks they shall be placed in
niches in the walls, protected by wheel guards, or enter the building
through the wall at a forty-five degree slope at least twelve feet above
the grade. :

Section 127. Defective Conductor Pipes——When an existing sheet-
metal conductor pipe within the walls of any building becomes defec-
tive, such conductor shall be replaced by one which conforms to this
code.

Section 128. Went Connections with Conductors Prohibited ——Con-
ductor pipes shall not be used as soil, waste, or vent pipes, nor shall any
soil, waste, or vent pipes be used as conductors.

Section 129. Overflows.—Overflow pipes from cisterns, supply
tanks, expansion tanks, and drip pans shall connect only indirectly with
any house sewer, house drain, soil, waste, or vent pipe.

Section 130. Subsoil, Foundation, Clear Water, and Absorption
Tile Drains—Where subsoil drains are placed under the cellar floor or
used to encircle the outer walls of a building, the same shall be made
of open-jointed drain tile or earthenware pipe, not less than four
inches in diameter, and shall be properly trapped and protected against
back pressure by an automatic back-pressure valve accessibly located
before entering the house sewer or drain. They may discharge through
a cellar drain.

Section 131. Subsoil Drains Below Sewer Level.—Subsoil drains
below the main sewer level shall discharge into a sump or receiving tank,
the contents of which shall be automatically lifted and discharged into
the drainage system above the cellar through some properly trapped
fixture or drain.

ARTICLE XII.—REFRIGERATOR, SAFE, AND SPECIAL
WASTES

‘Section 132. Fixtures Permitted to Connect.—No waste pipe from
a refrigerator or ice box floor drain, or any other receptacle where food
is stored shall connect directly with any house drain, soil, or waste
pipe. Such waste pipes shall in all cases empty into an open sink that
is properly supplied with water, connected, trapped, and vented, the
same as other fixtures, or they may discharge into a down spout or
rain leader trap located inside the building or into a cellar floor drain,
but their ends must be left open. Such waste connections shall not
be located in inaccessible or unventilated cellars.

Section 133. Refrigerator Wastes.—Refrigerator-waste pipes
shall be not less than one and one-fourth inches for one opening, and
one and one-half inches for three openings, and for four to twelve open-
ings must be not less than two inches, and shall have at each opening
a trap, and cleanout at angles, so arranged as properly to flush and
clean pipe. Such waste pipes shall be continued not less than full
size through the roof, except where such fixtures are located in the
basement or first floor.

Section 134. Overflow Pipes and Motor Exhausts.—Pipes from
a water-supply tank or exhaust from a water lift shall not be directly
connected with any house drain, soil, or waste pipe. Such pipe shall
discharge upon the roof or be trapped into an open fixture or discharge
as for refrigerator wastes.

ARTICLE XIII—MAINTENANCE

Section 135. Defective Fixtures.—All installed fixtures found
defective or in an insanitary condition shall be repaired, renovated, re-
placed, or removed within thirty days’ upon written notice from the
proper administrative authorities.

Section 136. Temporary Toilet Facilities—Suitable toilet facilities
shall be provided for the use of workmen during the construction of
any building. These toilet facilities shall be maintained in a sanitary
condition.

ARTICLE XIV.—INSPECTORS AND TESTS

Section 137. Inspectors——All piping, traps, and fixtures of a
plumbing system shall be inspected by the proper administrative author-
ity to insure compliance with all the requirements of this code and the
installation and construction of the system | in critic were the ap-
proved plans and the permit.

Section. 138. Notification—(a) It shall be. the duty of the. plumber
to notify the proper administrative authority and the owner, or his
authorized agent orally, by telephone, or in writing, not less than eight
working hours between the hours of eight ante meridiem and four
post meridiem before the work is to be inspected or tested.

(b) It shall be the duty of the plumber to make sure that the
work will stand the test prescribed before giving the above notification.

(c) If the proper administrative authority finds that the work will
not stand the test, the plumber shall be required to renotify as above
and to pay the sum of two dollars for each renotification.

(d) If the proper administrative authority fails to appear within
twenty-four hours of the time set for each inspection or test, the
inspection or test shall be deemed to have been made, and the plumber
required to file an affidavit with the proper administrative authority that
the work was installed in accordance with the code, the approved plans
and permit, and that it was free from defects and that the required tests
had been made and the system found free from leaks; also whether
the owner or his authorized agent was present when such inspection
or test was made, or was duly notified.

(ce) At the time the permit is taken out a written waiver by the
owner of notification may be filed with the proper administrative
authority.

Section 139. Material and Labor for Tests—The equipment,
material, power, and labor necessary for the inspection and test shall
be furnished by the plumber.

Section 140. System Tests.—All the piping of a plumbing system
shall be tested with water or air. After the plumbing fixtures have
been set and their traps filled with water the entire drainage system
shall be submitted to a final air-pressure test. The proper administra-
tive authority may require the removal of any clean-outs to ascertain
if the pressure has reached all parts of the system.

Section 141. Methods of Testing—(a) Water test.—The water
test may be applied to the drainage system in its entirety or in sections.
If applied to the entire system, all openings in the piping shall be
tightly closed, except the highest opening above the roof and the system
filled with water to the point of overflow above the roof.

If the system is tested in sections, each opening shall be tightly
plugged, except the highest opening of the section under test, and each
section shall be filled with water; but no section shall be tested with
less than a ten-foot head of water or a five-pound pressure of air.
In testing successive sections at least the upper ten feet of the next
preceding section shall be retested, so that no joint or pipe in the build-
ing shall have been submitted to a test of less than a ten-foot head of
water or a five-pound pressure of air.
_ Under any test the water or air pressure shall remain constant fo
not less than fifteen minutes, without any further addition of wate
or air.

(b) Air test—The air test shall be made by attaching the ai
compressor or test apparatus to any suitable opening and closing al
other inlets and outlets to the system, then forcing air into the systen
until there is a uniform pressure sufficient to balance a column of mer
cury ten inches in height or five pounds per square inch on the entir
system. This pressure shall be maintained for fifteen minutes.

(c) Final air test—The air machine shall be connected to any
suitable opening or outlet and an air pressure equivalent to one incl
water column shall be applied and left standing at least fifteen minutes
It there is no leakage or forcing of trap seals indicated by the fluctua.
tion of the drum float, or water column, the system shall be deemec
air-tight. , i

Section 142. Order of Tests.—The tests may be made separately
as follows:

(a) The house sewer and all its branches from the property line
to the house drain.

(b) The house drain and yard drains, including all piping to the
height of ten feet above the highest point on the house drain, except
the exposed connections to fixtures.

(c) The soil, waste, vent, inside conductor, and drainage pipes
which would be covered up before the building is enclosed or ready for
completion. The tests required for (b) and (c) may be combined.

(d) The final test of the whole system.

(e) After each of the above tests have been made and proved ac-
ceptable the proper administrative authority shall issue a written ap-
oproval.

Section 143. Covering of Work.—No drainage or plumbing sys-
em or part thereof shall be covered until it has been inspected, tested,
ind approved as herein prescribed. ,

Section 144, Uncovering of Work.—lIf any house drainage or
lumbing system or part thereof is covered before being regularly in-
pected, tested, and approved, as herein prescribed, it shall be uncovered
ipon the direction of the proper administrative authority.

Section 145. Defective Work.—If inspection or test shows defects,
uch defective work or material shall be replaced within three days and
nspection and test repeated. ,

Section 146. House Sewer and House Drain Tests——The house
ewer and house drain shall be tested with water or air. The water
est shall have not less than a ten-foot head of water and the air test
ot less than a five-pound pressure. All alterations, repairs, or exten-
ions, which shall include more than ten feet, shall be inspected and’
ested. , |

7 Section 147, Conductor Pipes—Conductor pipes and their roof
onnections within the walls of buildings, or conductor branches on the
outside system where such branches connect with the house drain or
are less than three feet from the wall of the building, shall be tested by
the water or air test. Conductor branches on the outside system may
be tested in connection with the house drain.

Section 148. Stable and Stable-Yard Drain Test—lIf a stable or
any part of a stable be used for human habitation, the same inspections
and tests of plumbing and drainage systems thereof shall be made as in
the case of an ordinary dwelling. Otherwise, all stable and stable-
yard drains shall be inspected, but need not be tested.

Section 149. Garage and Drainage System.—For a garage or any
part of a garage the same tests and inspection of the plumbing and
drainage system thereof shall be made as in the case of an ordinary
dwelling.

Section 150.—Test of Water-Distribution System—Upon the com-
pletion of the entire water-distribution system it shall be tested and
proved tight under a water pressure not less than the maximum work-
ing pressure under which it is to be used.

Section 151. Certificate of Approval—Upon the satisfactory com-
pletion and final test of the plumbing system a certificate of approval
shall be issued by the proper administrative authority to the plumber to
be delivered to the owner. ,

Section 152. Air Test of Defective Plumbing—tThe air test shall
be used in testing the sanitary condition of the drainage or plumbing
system of all buildings where there is reason to believe that it has be-
come defective. In buildings condemned by the proper administrative
authority because of insanitary conditions of the plumbing system the
alterations in such system shall not be considered as repairs, but as new
plumbing.

Section 153. Inspections and Tests not Required.—No tests or in-
spections shall be required where a plumbing system or part thereof is
set up for exhibition purposes and is not used for toilet purposes and
not directly connected to a sewerage system; nor after the repairing or
replacing of an old fixture, faucet, or valve by a new one (to be used
for the same purpose) ; nor after forcing out stoppages and repairing
leaks. ,

Section 154. Any city, town or county may by charter or ordinance
prescribe reasonable rules and regulations relating to plumbing provided
the same are not less than the minimum standards provided by this
act, and this act shall not be construed to repeal any local ordinance
or regulations or charter provisions now in effect in any county or city
or town where the provisions are not less than the standards herein
provided.

Section 155. On and after July first, nineteen hundred and thirty-
eight, all plumbing in any city of this State shall conform to the fore-
going minimum standards provided by this act for the materials, con-
struction, alteration and inspection of pipes, tanks and fixtures by which
supply or waste water or sewage is used or carried and on and afte:

this act shall have been approved by the local governing ‘body of any
county or town all plumbing in said county or town shall likewise
conform to the provisions hereof... ~~ | S

Section 156. Upon the provisions of this act becoming effective ir
any county, city or town, any person violating any provision thereo!
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof
shall be punished accordingly.